Crisis in the niger delta 3 or even eliminating the insurgency. Pdf in the last three decades, the niger delta region, the centre of nigerias oil wealth has been the scene of protest, sometimes violent, against. The hemorrhagic acts of the boko haram and niger delta militants in nigeria warrants an exhaustive discourse on terrorism and counter terrorism in nigeria. Niger delta crises, jos crises, kidnapping, terrorism boko haram crises. Youth unemployment, poverty and social exclusion as predictors are on the rise. This paper discusses the history of oil exploration in the niger delta, oil laws, effects of oil exploration in the region, and the rise of. Many of these attacks were against the oil and gas industry the commercial sector most targeted by terrorism worldwide. Niger delta freedom fighters terrorist groups trac. Niger delta militancy and the challenge of criminalising. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria 1 chuku chuku, dominic abang, and imaabasi isip jel codes. There are examples of militancy and vandalism in the niger delta area as the manifestation of political and economic terrorism. Terrorism in niger the risk of terrorist attacks in niger over the past years can be classified as high. Nigeria expands its war on terrorism to the niger delta. Nigeria an overview of challenges to peace and security.
Attacks on oil distribution, attacks on infrastructure. Jamestown foundation, nigeria expands its war on terrorism to the niger delta, terrorism monitor. The high command of the niger delta avengers nda, felicitate with all fighters and commands for job well done in 2016 and welcome us all to the year 2017. The rise of militancy in the niger delta region pdf abstract. The situation in the delta remains fragile and will likely return either to intermittent conflict or fullblown insurgency within six to eighteen months if a. This disparate information about the damaging effects of terrorism creates more tension and makes efforts to combat it. This article places both rebellions in comparative perspecti. Separatist new regime nationalist ethnic nationalist. Nigeria is in the throes of boko haram terrorism and niger delta militancy. This study attempts to discern the palpable causes of antioil protests in the nigerdelta region of nigeria.
The nature of internal security problems in african states. The boko haram experience in nigeria african journals online. Terrorism and the dilemmas of combating the menace in. Niger delta crises, jos crises, kidnapping, terrorismboko haram crises. Violence, terrorism and security threat in nigerias niger delta. The niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency pose the greatest security threat to nigeria since the end of the civil war in 1970. The oil industry in the niger delta is dominated by multinational corporations such as chevron.
Niger delta volunteers force, ogoni youth, ijaw youth, bakassi boys, egbesu boys, onitsha traders organization and mambilla militia group. This paper discusses the history of oil exploration in the niger delta, oil laws, effects of oil exploration in. Terrorist acts by boko haram have attracted enormous scholarly attention in recent years. The public is therefore left to wallow in confusion thus creating more frustration, fear and despair. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria. In particular, using several measures of terrorism from the. Niger delta freedom fighters is an active group formed c. National security, international terrorism, globalization, niger delta militancy, boko haram insurgency introduction one of the fundamental responsibilities of the state is to ensure the security of the life and property of its citizens. Competing perspectives on the conflict in the niger delta region, nigeria. Amnesty refers to a general pardon of offence by government or. Deputy director, environmental rights action era, port harcourt, nigeria. The niger delta is the center of oil and gas production in nigeria, accounting for about 80% of total government revenue, 95% of foreign exchange and over 80% of national wealth tell, february 18, 2008. The inability of the government to address the above internal security problems in nigeria appears to be responsible for perennial crises confronting the nigerias sociopolitical and economic development. The rise of militancy in the niger delta region pdf.
Again, nigeria retains third position in global terrorism attack. In this paper, we focus on the growth and scal consequences of terrorism in nigeria over the last three decades. Understanding the context of oil violence in the niger delta of nigeria. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, erunke canice esidene and others published nigerdelta terrorism find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. As the global terrorism index, releases its 2018 ranking on wednesday, nigeria still retains its third position in the ranking. The rise of militarism and terrorism in the niger delta was the result of the federal government and oil companies clampdown on nonviolent protests for environmental justice in the niger delta. The niger delta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petroleumrich niger delta region of southern nigeria. The debouchment of terrorism in nigeria the foundation for armed insurrection and later terrorism against the nigerian state was laid when isaac adaka boro, an ijaw nationalist led an armed campaign for greater niger delta autonomy, resource control and selfdetermination for the inhabitants of the niger delta. The niger delta is home to about 140 different ethnic groups in the nine states included in a broader definition of the region.
Jun 05, 2019 the rise of militancy in the niger delta region pdf abstract. An assessment of the causes, agitation, major challenges for omncs and suggestions for tackling insurgency in the niger delta region of nigeria article oct 2017. Some government officials overly optimistically assert that militancy in the delta could be eliminated by the end of 2009. Pdf domestic terrorism and security threats in the niger delta.
Oshita, fspsp directorgeneral institute for peace and conflict resolution, abuja since her independence in 1960, nigeria has experienced different types of violent. The motivation behind the terrorist groups that have threatened the nations peace and security have mostly been ethnic, religious, or political. Prior to the implementation of the amnesty programme in the niger delta, the oil hub. Niger delta militancy and the challenge of criminalising terrorism in nigeria isaac terwase sampson introduction with the high rate of militant activities in the niger delta, attacks on oil installations, kidnapping and other violent activities in the region, one wonders if we. We thank the local and international press community for telling our story. Niger delta militancy and the challenge of criminalising terrorism in nigeria isaac terwase sampson introduction with the high rate of militant activities in the niger delta, attacks on oil installations, kidnapping and other violent activities in the region, one wonders if we have not acquired a terrorist status. Niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency 2 in mali, ethnic tuareg fighters aided by foreign terrorist groups have stoked a simmering rebellion, and the consequent malian coup detat raghavan, 2011. Nigeria has in recent years been threatened by terrorism and insurgency. Pdf domestic terrorism and security threats in the niger. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, erunke canice esidene and others published niger delta terrorism find, read and cite all the research you need on. Moral, values and religious education as panaceas dr. Terrorism and terrorist activities usually stem from discontent and anger amongst a nation.
Compared to other countries, it is still placed somewhere in the middle of a terrorism ranking. The next most active group in nigeria was the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend, which carried out more than 70 attacks and killed approximately 280, beginning in 2006. Attention shall be devoted to the third wave in this paper, as only this relates to current trends in global terrorism. Niger delta crisis within the frustrationaggression theory and argue that frustration is. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 4 about the authors olivier guitta is the director of research at the henry jackson society, responsible for setting the strategic agenda for the research department and overseeing the societys academic focus, as well as conducting his.
Mang chaimang and ms adaeze uju oguike for the complementary roles they played in editing the draft. These acts of terrorism have seriously caused untold hardship to the nigerian populace. Pragmatic responses to the plight of the populace guarantees public safety. Terrorism in the northern part of nigeria is even more violent. This study attempts to discern the palpable causes of antioil protests in the niger delta region of nigeria. Natural resources are triggering violent conflicts all over the world, the desire to control valuable oil and gas assets, the manner which the resources are being explored and the marginalization of the host communities by both the government and multinational oil companies are the main causes of hostilities in the niger delta. The terrorism act 2000 makes payments to terrorists illegal. Oil companies, the nigerian government, and the united states nigeria is the united states fifth largest supplier of u. Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and physical infrastructures, ecologicalenvironmental remediation and human.
Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend. Jacob omede andrew abdul omede department of educational psychology, kogi state college of education, p. Nigerdelta volunteers force, ogoni youth, ijaw youth, bakassi boys, egbesu boys, onitsha traders organization and mambilla militia group. International journal of management, economics and. An old problem taking a new dimension declan azubuike amaraegbu 19 edward street, dh1 1pu, durhamunited kingdom. Niger delta amnesty programme 2009 the disarmed militants were moved to designated collection points and camps in six niger delta states.
Dec 06, 2018 as the global terrorism index, releases its 2018 ranking on wednesday, nigeria still retains its third position in the ranking. Checkmating the resurgence of youth militancy in the niger. Possible solutions to combatting terrorism in nigeria. Trends and patterns of boko haram terrorist and militants. The study is necessitated by the need to situate the crisis in the nigerdelta region in historical perspective. The situation in the delta remains fragile and will likely return either to intermittent conflict or fullblown insurgency within six to eighteen months if a business as usual approach. Terrorist organizations and some radical criminals create a very unsafe situation. Consolidated and zonal reports 9foreword professor oshita o. There have been multiple recent attacks in niger, particularly in the diffa and tillaberi regions. Unfortunately, all the types of terrorism can be seen in nigeria. At the time of this message, the terrorist activities in the niger delta area of nigeria especially hostage taking, kidnapping and other criminal activities was just assuming an unprecedented rise. By victor ojakorotu and lysias dodd gilbert introduction violence has been defined by the world health organizations who world report on violence and health as. Again, nigeria retains third position in global terrorism.
Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta final. The spectre of terrorism and nigerian development by imhonopi. African journal of political science and international relations vol. The spectre of terrorism and nigerian development by. The niger delta region of nigeria is oilrich and securitypoor. Overview we are living in a world where political violence is on the rise. This coincided with the splintering of the group into three separate groups although nigeria will likely continue to face challenges as separate groups undertook attacks in 2016. Usa, 2010 ba ed, delta state university, abraka, ngr, 1992 dissertation submitted in full fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy public policy and administration.
We earnestly praise the people of the niger delta for your prayers and support to the liberation movement. The study is necessitated by the need to situate the crisis in the niger delta region in historical perspective. Situation securitaire dans le delta du niger nigeria ofpra. Domestic terrorism and security threats in the niger delta region of nigeria. The debouchment of terrorism in nigeria the foundation for armed insurrection and later terrorism against the nigerian state was laid when isaac adaka boro, an ijaw nationalist led an armed campaign for greater niger delta autonomy, resource control and selfdetermination for the inhabitants of. Militancy, corruption, terrorism, niger delta, nigeria, political leadership.
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